VNF

Vinafreight ·HNX ·2026Q1

▼ Under pressure

The pre-tax profit mix still needs monitoring Net financial result/PBT 17.22%
Price
14,700
Latest close
03 Jun 2026
P/E 7.79x
P/B 0.73x
EPS 1,887
BVPS 20,236
ROE 9.4%
ROA 6.6%
Profit Margin 3.6%
Asset Turnover 1.86x
Equity Mult. 1.42x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, VNF is declining across multiple metrics versus the same period, suggesting current pressure is not coming from just one side — profit momentum has been slowing across consecutive periods. What remains unclear is whether the business can stabilize before this trend deepens.

TTM REVENUE
VND 1,619bn
−8.9%YoY
NET MARGIN
3.95%
−0.5ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
VND 64bn
−18.9%YoY
Metric Q1'26 Q4'25 Q3'25 Q2'25 Q1'25 Q4'24 Q3'24 Q2'24 Q1'24 Q4'23 Q3'23 Q2'23
Revenue 272.9 512.3 416.9 417.1 310.8 484.7 497.0 484.7 303.8 404.5 283.7 266.5
Growth -47% +23% -0% +34% -36% -2% +3% +60% -25% +43% +6%
Net Income 10.8 14.6 19.1 19.5 12.0 15.4 35.4 16.0 8.0 10.5 -2.0 3.1
Net Margin 3.96% 2.86% 4.57% 4.68% 3.86% 3.18% 7.13% 3.31% 2.62% 2.60% -0.71% 1.16%

Drivers of VNF's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent declined vs last year, mainly due to lower gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Associates income ↑ 22.7bn
Selling expenses ↓ 12.7bn
Tax ↓ 12.2bn
Other profit ↑ 9.3bn
Gross profit ↓ 72.1bn
Financial income ↓ 7.3bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent declined vs prior quarter, mainly due to lower financial income. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Finance costs ↓ 2.6bn
Associates income ↑ 1.9bn
Tax ↓ 1.3bn
Minority interests ↓ 0.2bn
Financial income ↓ 2.5bn
Gross profit ↓ 2.2bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2025Q1 13.8% = 4.4% × 2.06 × 1.51
2026Q1 10.4% = 4.0% × 1.86 × 1.42

ROE fell from 13.8% to 10.4% — all three components weakened, with asset turnover being the main drag.

Net margin: 4.0% -0.5pp Asset turnover: 1.86x -0.20x Leverage: 1.42x -0.08x

Is the profit sustainable?

Start with profitability and earnings quality.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin narrowed to 3.95%, falling 0.5pp. The main pressure is Gross margin fell 3.5pp, outweighing the improvement in SG&A / Revenue fell 0.4pp (with additional support from Other profit / Revenue rose 0.6pp and Net financial result / Revenue rose 0.1pp).

Margin is under pressure from multiple sides — temporary and structural components need to be separated to properly assess the risk.

Profitability trend

Net Margin 3.95% −0.5pp
Gross Margin 6.59% −3.5pp
SG&A / Revenue 3.13% −0.4pp
Non-core / Revenue 1.55% +0.7pp

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Watchpoints

Contribution from financial result

Profit includes a contribution from financial result (30.0% of PBT), not dominant but worth monitoring across periods.

Is capital being used efficiently?

Capital efficiency is declining — check whether the drag is from margins or turnover.

Is capital being deployed efficiently?

ROIC fell to 11.61%, losing 5.6pp. That translates to 11.61 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. Both NOPAT margin narrowed 0.9pp and capital turnover fell 0.55x, with invested capital holding roughly steady — pressure came from both operational efficiency and asset efficiency.

Both margin and turnover weakened — this is a broad-based decline, and cyclical versus structural components need to be separated.

CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

ROIC 11.61% −5.6pp
NOPAT Margin 3.45% −0.9pp
Capital Turnover 3.37x −0.55x
Average Invested Capital 481.0bn +27.7bn

Balance Sheet

ROIC declined — the balance sheet shows how capital is being deployed. Balance sheet is exceptionally sound — liabilities at 0.55x equity, with a net cash position equivalent to 0.20x equity.

Over the last 12 months, working capital released 22.7bn of cash, mainly thanks to lower receivables and lower inventories. Pressure from lower payables only partly offset that benefit.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables decreased → higher CFO: +25.6bn
Inventories decreased → higher CFO: +0.5bn
Payables decreased → lower CFO: −3.4bn

Working Capital Efficiency

The inventory build-up noted above is reflected in a longer cash cycle. Cash conversion cycle lengthened by 3.6 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO rose 0.4 days, DSO fell 2.4 days, and DPO fell 5.6 days.

Working capital cycle lengthened mainly due to shorter payment timing — may reflect pressure from suppliers.

Watchpoints

Cash conversion cycle is lengthening

CCC is up by +3.6 days, indicating weaker working-capital turnover versus the prior year.

Inventory turnover is slowing

DIO increased by +0.4 days, suggesting more capital is being tied up in inventories.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables 21.4 days −2.4 days
Inventory 0.8 days +0.4 days
Payables 9.8 days −5.6 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 12.5 days +3.6 days

Is financial risk significant?

Financial risk is low — the company has net cash and CFO reached 20.9bn.

Leverage & Liquidity

Leverage looks fairly comfortable, with net debt / equity at -0.20x and interest coverage at 16.44x.

At present, short-term debt accounts for 100.0% of total debt, cash equals 856.4% of debt, and total debt stands at 16.6bn.

Watchpoints

Short-term refinancing pressure is meaningful

Short-term debt accounts for 100.0% of total debt, raising near-term refinancing needs.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity -0.20x +0.04x
Interest Coverage 16.44x +7.72x
Cash / Debt 856.4% −572.8pp
Short-term Debt / Total Debt 100.0% 0.0pp
CFO / NI 0.75x −0.59x

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Cash Flow

With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 20.9bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of 33.4bn.

Post-investment cash flow was positive +54.3bn. Financing cash flow was negative +70.6bn.

CFO / net income was 0.75x.

Track how much investment can be funded internally from operating cash flow.

Cash capex or FCF data is incomplete, so the cash-conversion view is only partial.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

CFO TTM 43.5bn −63.6bn
Cash Capex
FCF TTM

Investment Takeaway

The business is under real pressure, but the current picture has not turned broadly adverse. A notable area has clearly weakened, making the near-term outlook hard to call bright; even so, other parts of the business are still holding up, with some core pressures remaining the main constraint. The next watchpoint is the earnings mix, when non-core contribution is 17.2%. The main offsetting support comes from balance-sheet flexibility, with net cash/equity at about -0.20x.

Improvement: the balance sheet remains flexible, with a net cash position equivalent to 0.20x of equity.

Watchpoint: the earnings mix still needs monitoring, with net financial result still accounting for 17.2% of PBT and CFO / net income currently at 0.75x.

Statement Data

Item 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Net Revenue
1,656.9 1,773.1 1,123.0 2,101.7 4,895.9
Cost of Goods Sold
1,545.4 1,594.7 1,043.3 1,993.3 0.0
Gross Profit
111.5 178.3 79.6 108.4 195.2
Financial Expenses
6.8 8.8 5.1 21.2 -16.1
Selling Expenses
22.9 40.8 26.2 28.2 -53.3
General and Administrative Expenses
21.1 22.2 21.9 26.0 -22.2
Operating Profit
82.1 100.3 18.3 39.3 107.7
Profit Before Tax
85.8 101.7 18.4 40.0 107.7
Net Income
68.3 73.0 8.8 26.0 78.5
Profit Attributable to Parent
61.5 59.9 5.5 20.5 66.6
Earnings per Share
1,941.00 1,889.00 174.00 648.00 3,103.00

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