NST

Ngân Sơn ·HNX ·2026Q1

▲ Showing improvement

Earnings conversion is confirmed CFO/NPAT −2.09x
Price
12,600
Latest close
27 May 2026
P/E 5.62x
P/B 0.71x
EPS 2,242
BVPS 17,692
ROE 12.9%
ROA 7.6%
Profit Margin 2.6%
Asset Turnover 2.96x
Equity Mult. 1.70x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, NST is growing strongly on the back of scale expansion, while margins have only improved slightly — margins have been expanding consistently over multiple periods. However, operating cash flow is significantly negative relative to profit — this needs monitoring in coming periods.

TTM REVENUE
VND 985bn
+23.4%YoY
NET MARGIN
2.55%
+0.3ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
VND 25bn
+42.1%YoY
CFO / Net Income
-2.09x
negative cash flow vs profit
Metric Q1'26 Q4'25 Q3'25 Q2'25 Q1'25 Q4'24 Q3'24 Q2'24 Q1'24 Q4'23 Q3'23 Q2'23
Revenue 140.2 227.3 312.5 304.9 100.7 238.1 279.0 180.1 172.3 146.8 331.9 136.9
Growth -38% -27% +2% +203% -58% -15% +55% +5% +17% -56% +143%
Net Income 5.2 1.2 8.7 10.0 4.4 2.3 5.3 5.7 5.1 1.3 4.8 3.2
Net Margin 3.72% 0.51% 2.79% 3.29% 4.40% 0.95% 1.89% 3.18% 2.94% 0.86% 1.45% 2.31%

Drivers of NST's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs last year, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Gross profit ↑ 23.9bn
Selling expenses ↑ 10.0bn
Finance costs ↑ 2.0bn
Tax ↑ 1.9bn
Administrative expenses ↑ 1.4bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs prior quarter, mainly helped by lower administrative expenses. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Administrative expenses ↓ 14.1bn
Gross profit ↓ 10.1bn
Selling expenses ↑ 1.7bn
Finance costs ↑ 1.0bn
Financial income ↓ 0.3bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2025Q1 9.4% = 2.2% × 2.91 × 1.45
2026Q1 12.9% = 2.6% × 2.96 × 1.70

ROE rose from 9.4% to 12.9% — all three components improved, with leverage contributing the most.

Net margin: 2.6% +0.3pp Asset turnover: 2.96x +0.05x Leverage: 1.70x +0.25x

Is the profit sustainable?

Accounting profit is positive but operating cash flow has not caught up — needs more time to confirm.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin edged up to 2.55%, rising 0.3pp. Core operating signals are improving as SG&A / Revenue fell 1.2pp are enough to offset pressure from Gross margin fell 0.6pp (with lingering pressure from Net financial result / Revenue fell 0.2pp).

The improvement comes from core operations — this is a high-quality margin expansion.

Profitability trend

Net Margin 2.55% +0.3pp
Gross Margin 15.17% −0.6pp
SG&A / Revenue 11.16% −1.2pp

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Is capital being used efficiently?

Evaluate capital, asset, and working-capital efficiency.

Is capital being deployed efficiently?

ROIC narrowed to 9.41%, falling 0.5pp. That translates to 9.41 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. Although NOPAT margin rose 0.4pp, capital turnover fell 0.84x still pulled ROIC lower, while invested capital expanded strongly by 90bn.

Pressure came from turnover — added capital has not been absorbed quickly enough, a typical investment-cycle dynamic.

CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

ROIC 9.41% −0.5pp
NOPAT Margin 2.55% +0.4pp
Capital Turnover 3.70x −0.84x
Average Invested Capital 266.5bn +90.5bn

Balance Sheet

Capital structure is balanced — liabilities at 1.36x equity, net debt at 0.59x equity.

Inventory ended the period at 245.2bn, roughly 53.9% of total assets.

Over the last 12 months, working capital absorbed 82.9bn of cash, mainly because of higher inventories and lower payables. Part of that drag was offset by lower receivables.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables decreased → higher CFO: +22.2bn
Inventories increased → lower CFO: −65.1bn
Payables decreased → lower CFO: −40.0bn

Working Capital Efficiency

Cash conversion cycle lengthened by 20.0 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO rose 21.8 days, DSO fell 3.4 days, and DPO fell 1.7 days.

Working capital cycle lengthened mainly due to slower inventory turnover — more capital is being tied up in inventory.

Watchpoints

Cash conversion cycle is lengthening

CCC is up by +20.0 days, indicating weaker working-capital turnover versus the prior year.

Inventory turnover is slowing

DIO increased by +21.8 days, suggesting more capital is being tied up in inventories.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables 24.2 days −3.4 days
Inventory 71.6 days +21.8 days
Payables 12.5 days −1.7 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 83.3 days +20.0 days

Is financial risk significant?

Leverage is safe but FCF is negative at 79.9bn due to capex of 27.5bn — an investment choice, not an urgent risk.

Leverage & Liquidity

Leverage is balanced for now, with net debt / equity at 0.59x and interest coverage at 3.67x.

At present, short-term debt accounts for 100.0% of total debt, cash equals 1.7% of debt, and total debt stands at 119.1bn.

Watchpoints

Short-term refinancing pressure is meaningful

Short-term debt accounts for 100.0% of total debt, raising near-term refinancing needs.

Cash buffer is thin relative to debt

Cash / debt stands at 1.7%, leaving limited liquidity buffer to monitor.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity 0.59x +0.46x
Interest Coverage 3.67x +0.32x
Cash / Debt 1.7% −15.6pp
Short-term Debt / Total Debt 100.0% 0.0pp
CFO / NI -2.09x +0.96x

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Cash Flow

Operating cash flow reached -114.6bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of -20.4bn.

Post-investment cash flow was negative +135.0bn. Financing cash flow was positive +132.7bn.

CFO / net income was -2.09x.

After spending +27.5bn on fixed-asset investment, the business generated trailing free cash flow of −79.9bn.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

CFO TTM 52.4bn +1.4bn
Cash Capex 27.5bn +14.1bn
FCF TTM −79.9bn −12.7bn

Investment Takeaway

The business is under real pressure, but the current picture has not turned broadly adverse. A notable area has clearly weakened, making the near-term outlook hard to call bright; even so, other parts of the business are still holding up, with leverage and liquidity remaining the main constraint, with interest coverage at 3.67x. The main offsetting support comes from earnings conversion is confirmed, with CFO/NI at -2.09x.

Improvement: earnings conversion looks more confirmed, with CFO / net income at -2.09x.

Key risk: leverage and liquidity remain a pressure point, with net debt / equity at 0.59x and a thin cash buffer.

Statement Data

Item 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Net Revenue
945.4 869.5 706.5 569.6 655.9
Cost of Goods Sold
785.9 737.3 584.4 479.0 0.0
Gross Profit
159.5 132.2 122.1 90.6 98.8
Financial Expenses
7.6 5.2 3.2 6.4 -6.4
Selling Expenses
28.5 21.3 17.3 16.1 -18.8
General and Administrative Expenses
93.8 85.6 88.8 61.7 -68.3
Operating Profit
30.5 22.6 13.7 8.6 8.0
Profit Before Tax
30.6 23.1 14.2 9.0 8.2
Net Income
24.3 18.3 11.2 7.1 6.4
Profit Attributable to Parent
24.3 18.3 11.2 7.1 6.4
Earnings per Share
2,171.00 1,635.00 1,004.00 634.00 568.00

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