SZE

Môi trường Sonadezi ·UPCOM ·2026Q1

▼▼ Declining sharply

Margins remain under pressure Net margin 2.35%, −5.60pp YoY
Price
7,800
Latest close
03 Jun 2026
P/E 28.78x
P/B 0.67x
EPS 271
BVPS 11,663
ROE 2.7%
ROA 1.7%
Profit Margin 2.3%
Asset Turnover 0.70x
Equity Mult. 1.61x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, SZE posted a very sharp profit drop versus the same period, showing that pressure has clearly fed through to the bottom line — margins have been compressing consistently over multiple periods. More notably, a significant portion of profit is supported by non-core sources, further affecting earnings quality.

TTM REVENUE
VND 407bn
+3.6%YoY
NET MARGIN
2.35%
−5.6ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
VND 10bn
−69.4%YoY
Net financial result / PBT
42.3%
affects earnings quality
Metric Q1'26 Q4'25 Q3'25 Q2'25 Q1'25 Q4'24 Q3'24 Q2'24 Q1'24 Q4'23 Q3'23 Q2'23
Revenue 79.7 83.6 83.3 160.0 97.1 93.8 102.6 98.9 101.2 133.4 108.3 87.2
Growth -5% +0% -48% +65% +4% -9% +4% -2% -24% +23% +24%
Net Income 2.6 4.3 -1.9 4.6 7.4 10.3 6.3 7.2 6.8 7.0 8.0 7.7
Net Margin 3.24% 5.09% -2.25% 2.86% 7.65% 10.96% 6.15% 7.24% 6.75% 5.26% 7.36% 8.84%

Drivers of SZE's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent declined vs last year, mainly due to lower gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Tax ↓ 10.5bn
Gross profit ↓ 23.4bn
Administrative expenses ↑ 8.9bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent declined vs prior quarter, mainly due to lower gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Tax ↓ 2.1bn
Other profit ↑ 1.4bn
Gross profit ↓ 5.5bn
Administrative expenses ↑ 3.0bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2025Q1 8.5% = 7.9% × 0.63 × 1.71
2026Q1 2.7% = 2.3% × 0.70 × 1.61

ROE fell from 8.5% to 2.7% — leverage weakened the most, though asset turnover still provided support.

Net margin: 2.3% -5.6pp Asset turnover: 0.70x +0.08x Leverage: 1.61x -0.10x

Is the profit sustainable?

Margins are under pressure while earnings still rely significantly on non-core sources.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin fell to 2.35%, losing 5.6pp. The main pressure comes from Gross margin fell 6.3pp and SG&A / Revenue rose 1.9pp (with additional support from Net financial result / Revenue rose 0.5pp and Other profit / Revenue rose 0.0pp).

The pressure comes from core operations — this is a concerning type of decline, not a one-off movement.

Profitability trend

Net Margin 2.35% −5.6pp
Gross Margin 9.98% −6.3pp
SG&A / Revenue 9.15% +1.9pp
Non-core / Revenue 1.72% +0.5pp

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Watchpoints

Financial result is supporting margin

Financial result accounts for 67.4% of PBT and lifted net margin by 0.5pp — separate the operating contribution from this source.

Is capital being used efficiently?

Capital efficiency for utilities should be read alongside regulated tariffs and long-cycle depreciation — ROIC of 1.9% reflects a large fixed-asset base.

Is capital being deployed efficiently?

ROIC fell to 1.88%, losing 5.1pp. That translates to 1.88 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. The main pressure came from NOPAT margin narrowed 5.7pp, outweighing the movement in capital turnover; with invested capital holding roughly steady.

For utilities, ROIC reflects returns on a large fixed-asset base — this is a reference signal and should be read alongside regulated tariffs.

CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

ROIC 1.88% −5.1pp
NOPAT Margin 1.76% −5.7pp
Capital Turnover 1.07x +0.14x
Average Invested Capital 380.8bn −41.1bn

Balance Sheet

ROIC for utilities reflects a large fixed-asset base and regulated tariffs — the balance sheet below adds perspective. Capital structure is conservative with low leverage — liabilities at 0.54x equity, net debt at 0.02x equity.

Over the last 12 months, working capital released 34.1bn of cash, mainly thanks to lower receivables and lower inventories. Pressure from lower payables only partly offset that benefit.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables decreased → higher CFO: +57.5bn
Inventories decreased → higher CFO: +30.2bn
Payables decreased → lower CFO: −53.6bn

Working Capital Efficiency

The inventory build-up noted above is reflected in a longer cash cycle. Cash conversion cycle lengthened by 6.6 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO rose 7.5 days, DSO fell 15.4 days, and DPO fell 14.6 days.

Working capital cycle lengthened mainly due to slower receivables collection — receivables quality needs monitoring.

For utilities, working capital cycle reflects regulated pricing mechanics and long-term settlement contracts — DSO/DIO/DPO should be treated as contextual signals rather than pure efficiency indicators.

Watchpoints

Cash conversion cycle remains stretched

CCC stands at 120.2 days, suggesting that working capital remains tied up for a relatively long operating cycle.

Inventory turnover is slowing

DIO increased by +7.5 days, suggesting more capital is being tied up in inventories.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables 97.2 days −15.4 days
Inventory 60.9 days +7.5 days
Payables 37.9 days −14.6 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 120.2 days +6.6 days

Is financial risk significant?

Financial risk is low — leverage is safe, both CFO and FCF are positive.

Leverage & Liquidity

Leverage looks fairly comfortable, with net debt / equity at 0.02x and interest coverage at 5.56x.

At present, short-term debt accounts for 62.7% of total debt, cash equals 77.1% of debt, and total debt stands at 31.8bn.

Leverage for utilities reflects long-term capital needs for fixed assets and recovery through regulated pricing — elevated leverage is structural to the industry.

Watchpoints

Short-term refinancing pressure is meaningful

Short-term debt accounts for 62.7% of total debt, raising near-term refinancing needs.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity 0.02x −0.08x
Interest Coverage 5.56x −11.90x
Cash / Debt 77.1% +37.7pp
Short-term Debt / Total Debt 62.7% +28.5pp
CFO / NI 6.56x +6.07x

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Cash Flow

With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 66.2bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of -3.9bn.

Post-investment cash flow was positive +62.3bn. Financing cash flow was negative +50.6bn.

CFO / net income was 6.56x.

After spending +4.5bn on fixed-asset investment, the business generated trailing free cash flow of +58.2bn.

For utilities, high capex and long investment cycles are structural — short-term FCF volatility does not reflect long-term cash generation through regulated pricing.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

CFO TTM 62.7bn +47.2bn
Cash Capex 4.5bn −10.1bn
FCF TTM +58.2bn +57.3bn

Investment Takeaway

The business is under real pressure, but the current picture has not turned broadly adverse. A notable area has clearly weakened, making the near-term outlook hard to call bright; even so, other parts of the business are still holding up, with margins remain under pressure remaining the main constraint, with net margin down 5.6 pp. The next watchpoint is the earnings mix, when non-core contribution is 42.3%. The main offsetting support comes from leverage pressure is easing, with net debt/equity down to 0.02x.

Improvement: leverage pressure is easing, with net debt / equity down 0.08x to 0.02x while interest coverage holds at 5.56x.

Watchpoint: cash flow is currently keeping pace with accounting earnings, with CFO / net income at 6.56x. Even so, net financial result still accounts for 42.3% of PBT, so the earnings mix still needs monitoring.

Key risk: profitability remains under pressure, with trailing-12M net margin at 2.35% after a 5.6pp decline versus the same period last year.

Statement Data

Item 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Net Revenue
424.0 396.4 425.9 481.2 355.2
Cost of Goods Sold
378.0 333.8 366.3 424.2 0.0
Gross Profit
46.0 62.6 59.6 57.0 52.3
Financial Expenses
1.6 2.3 3.1 3.6 -0.0
Selling Expenses
0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.0
General and Administrative Expenses
34.2 29.4 28.0 27.3 -26.1
Operating Profit
15.8 35.9 35.2 30.7 31.9
Profit Before Tax
16.9 39.7 37.2 35.2 37.5
Net Income
14.4 30.6 29.4 27.5 30.0
Profit Attributable to Parent
14.4 30.6 29.4 27.5 30.0
Earnings per Share
410.00 870.00 832.00 781.00 853.00

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