CBI

Gang thép Cao Bằng ·UPCOM ·2026Q1

▲ Showing improvement

Operating efficiency is improving Net margin −7.85%, +2.65pp YoY
Price
11,600
Latest close
01 Jun 2026
P/E -3.13x
P/B 18.37x
EPS -3,709
BVPS 631
ROE -125.7%
ROA -8.7%
Profit Margin -7.9%
Asset Turnover 1.11x
Equity Mult. 14.46x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, CBI has not accelerated revenue sharply, but profitability is improving visibly — profit is at an all-time high. However, profit is significantly supported by non-core sources and operating cash flow is not yet positive — the improvement signal needs more time to confirm.

TTM REVENUE
VND 2,031bn
+5.6%YoY
NET MARGIN
−7.85%
+2.6ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
−VND 159bn
+21.0%YoY
Net financial result / PBT
30.5%
affects earnings quality
Metric Q1'26 Q4'25 Q3'25 Q2'25 Q1'25 Q4'24 Q3'24 Q2'24 Q1'24 Q4'23 Q3'23 Q2'23
Revenue 386.9 569.3 544.9 529.6 418.3 466.7 535.7 502.3 683.3 520.1 759.5 568.2
Growth -32% +4% +3% +27% -10% -13% +7% -26% +31% -32% +34%
Net Income -44.8 -5.1 -17.2 -92.4 -50.5 -99.0 -39.6 -12.9 1.0 15.9 -16.7 -11.3
Net Margin -11.57% -0.90% -3.16% -17.45% -12.08% -21.20% -7.39% -2.56% 0.14% 3.06% -2.20% -1.99%

Drivers of CBI's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs last year, mainly helped by lower administrative expenses. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Administrative expenses ↓ 37.1bn
Gross profit ↑ 16.5bn
Finance costs ↓ 7.1bn
Other profit ↑ 6.6bn
Selling expenses ↑ 19.8bn
Financial income ↓ 4.8bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs prior quarter, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Gross profit ↑ 4.9bn
Administrative expenses ↓ 1.3bn
Other profit ↓ 0.8bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2025Q1 -60.6% = -10.5% × 0.99 × 5.82
2026Q1 -125.7% = -7.9% × 1.11 × 14.46

ROE edged down from -60.6% to -125.7% — the components are broadly offsetting.

Net margin: -7.9% +2.6pp Asset turnover: 1.11x +0.11x Leverage: 14.46x +8.65x

Is the profit sustainable?

Accounting profit is positive but operating cash flow has not caught up — needs more time to confirm.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin expanded to -7.85%, rising 2.6pp. The main driver is SG&A / Revenue fell 1.1pp and Gross margin rose 1.0pp, moving in line with the stronger net margin (with additional support from Other profit / Revenue rose 0.3pp).

The improvement comes from core operations — this is a high-quality margin expansion.

Profitability trend

Net Margin -7.85% +2.6pp
Gross Margin -1.70% +1.0pp
SG&A / Revenue 3.82% −1.1pp
Non-core / Revenue -2.34% +0.6pp

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Watchpoints

Financial result is supporting margin

Financial result accounts for 31.3% of PBT and lifted net margin by 0.6pp — separate the operating contribution from this source.

Is capital being used efficiently?

Capital efficiency should be read in industry context — ROIC may fluctuate with business specifics.

Is capital being deployed efficiently?

Track how much operating profit the business generates on invested capital.

Industry characteristics make ROIC cyclical — this is a reference signal and should be read with the business context.

CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

ROIC
NOPAT Margin
Capital Turnover 2.60x +0.77x
Average Invested Capital 780.8bn −272.4bn

Balance Sheet

ROIC above should be read with industry context — the balance sheet below adds perspective. Leverage is very high, with clear pressure on the capital structure — liabilities at 22.76x equity, net debt at 22.14x equity.

Inventory ended the period at 767.9bn, roughly 44.9% of total assets.

Over the last 12 months, working capital released 178.2bn of cash, mainly thanks to lower receivables and lower inventories. Pressure from lower payables only partly offset that benefit.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables decreased → higher CFO: +12.2bn
Inventories decreased → higher CFO: +228.6bn
Payables decreased → lower CFO: −62.7bn

Working Capital Efficiency

Track receivable, inventory, and payable turns to judge working-capital efficiency.

Track DSO, DIO, DPO components to evaluate working capital turnover efficiency.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables
Inventory 152.3 days −4.8 days
Payables 162.8 days +30.5 days
Cash Conversion Cycle

Is financial risk significant?

Check leverage, liquidity, and cash-flow conversion.

Leverage & Liquidity

Leverage warrants monitoring, with net debt / equity at 22.14x and interest coverage only at -3.15x.

At present, short-term debt accounts for 90.7% of total debt, cash equals 1.4% of debt, and total debt stands at 609.9bn.

Watchpoints

Net leverage is elevated

Net debt / equity stands at 22.14x, increasing balance-sheet pressure.

Interest coverage is thin

Interest coverage is -3.15x, leaving limited room to absorb financing costs.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity 22.14x +19.02x
Interest Coverage -3.15x +0.24x
Cash / Debt 1.4% +0.4pp
Short-term Debt / Total Debt 90.7% +14.1pp
CFO / NI -0.71x −0.38x

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Cash Flow

Leverage needs watching — cash flow below shows the ability to service debt from operations. Operating cash flow reached 140.4bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of -5.4bn.

Post-investment cash flow was positive +135.0bn. Financing cash flow was negative +122.4bn.

CFO / net income was -0.71x.

After spending +0.5bn on fixed-asset investment, the business generated trailing free cash flow of +112.0bn.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

CFO TTM 112.5bn +46.9bn
Cash Capex 0.5bn −38.6bn
FCF TTM +112.0bn +85.5bn

Investment Takeaway

The business is showing a few weaker signals, but the current magnitude is not yet clear enough to conclude that this is a broader weakening phase. The brighter spot is operating efficiency, with net margin improving 2.6 pp. Even so, earnings quality still needs closer monitoring because net financial result remains elevated. The main risk still sits in leverage and liquidity, with interest coverage at -3.15x.

Improvement: operating efficiency is getting better, with trailing-12M net margin at -7.85% after expanding 2.6pp versus the same period last year.

Watchpoint: the earnings mix still needs monitoring, with net financial result still accounting for 30.5% of PBT and CFO / net income currently at -0.71x.

Key risk: leverage and liquidity still require discipline, with interest coverage only at -3.15x.

Statement Data

Item 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Net Revenue
2,062.1 2,188.1 2,616.4 2,131.2 2,892.4
Cost of Goods Sold
2,124.3 2,199.6 2,511.9 2,000.6 0.0
Gross Profit
-62.2 -11.4 104.4 130.6 451.4
Financial Expenses
50.6 59.6 74.9 75.0 -64.0
Selling Expenses
59.5 27.4 3.2 2.3 -1.6
General and Administrative Expenses
37.0 56.1 25.8 30.2 -34.9
Operating Profit
-207.2 -154.5 1.7 23.9 358.4
Profit Before Tax
-205.2 -160.3 1.8 6.1 356.0
Net Income
-205.2 -160.3 1.4 7.7 341.8
Profit Attributable to Parent
-205.2 -160.3 1.4 7.7 341.8
Earnings per Share
-4,772.00 -3,729.00 32.00 180.00 7,948.80

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