TNB

Thép Nhà Bè - VNSTEEL ·UPCOM ·2026Q1

▲▲ Improving positively

Earnings conversion is confirmed CFO/NPAT −15.37x
Price
10,200
Latest close
15 May 2026
P/E 22.72x
P/B 0.88x
EPS 449
BVPS 11,561
ROE 3.5%
ROA 1.5%
Profit Margin 0.4%
Asset Turnover 3.72x
Equity Mult. 2.34x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, TNB is growing strongly on the back of scale expansion, while margins have only improved slightly — earnings have been recovering gradually over multiple periods. However, operating cash flow is significantly negative relative to profit — this needs monitoring in coming periods.

TTM REVENUE
VND 2,273bn
+58.6%YoY
NET MARGIN
0.40%
+0.3ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
VND 9bn
+634.6%YoY
CFO / Net Income
-15.37x
negative cash flow vs profit
Metric Q1'26 Q4'25 Q3'25 Q2'25 Q1'25 Q4'24 Q3'24 Q2'24 Q1'24 Q4'23 Q3'23 Q2'23
Revenue 704.5 623.5 505.4 439.2 334.8 447.8 280.3 369.9 293.4 383.3 337.4 311.8
Growth +13% +23% +15% +31% -25% +60% -24% +26% -23% +14% +8%
Net Income 5.3 0.8 1.0 2.1 0.1 6.8 -5.9 0.3 0.8 3.0 -2.7 -1.9
Net Margin 0.75% 0.13% 0.19% 0.48% 0.02% 1.52% -2.12% 0.08% 0.26% 0.79% -0.81% -0.61%

Drivers of TNB's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs last year, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Gross profit ↑ 33.9bn
Financial income ↑ 4.2bn
Selling expenses ↑ 13.6bn
Administrative expenses ↑ 12.5bn
Tax ↑ 2.3bn
Finance costs ↑ 1.8bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs prior quarter, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Gross profit ↑ 19.7bn
Financial income ↑ 1.3bn
Other profit ↑ 0.7bn
Selling expenses ↑ 6.7bn
Administrative expenses ↑ 5.5bn
Finance costs ↑ 3.0bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2025Q1 0.7% = 0.1% × 2.83 × 2.80
2026Q1 3.5% = 0.4% × 3.72 × 2.34

ROE rose from 0.7% to 3.5% — mainly driven by asset turnover, despite leverage moving in the opposite direction.

Net margin: 0.4% +0.3pp Asset turnover: 3.72x +0.90x Leverage: 2.34x -0.46x

Is the profit sustainable?

Accounting profit is positive but operating cash flow has not caught up — needs more time to confirm.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin edged up to 0.40%, rising 0.3pp. Core operating signals are improving as Gross margin rose 0.0pp are enough to offset pressure from SG&A / Revenue rose 0.0pp (with additional support from Net financial result / Revenue rose 0.4pp and Other profit / Revenue rose 0.0pp).

Most of the margin increase comes from non-core items — core operations have not kept pace, this is a margin expansion to watch carefully.

Profitability trend

Net Margin 0.40% +0.3pp
Gross Margin 3.99% +0.0pp
SG&A / Revenue 3.09% +0.0pp

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Is capital being used efficiently?

Capital is being used more efficiently — ROIC rose and cash cycle shortened to 35.6 days.

Is capital being deployed efficiently?

ROIC expanded to 2.97%, rising 2.4pp. That translates to 2.97 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. Both NOPAT margin rose 0.3pp and capital turnover rose 2.15x, with invested capital holding roughly steady — capital-return quality improved from both sides.

NOPAT margin is the main cushion preventing ROIC from slipping as invested capital keeps expanding — the quality of this improvement depends on whether margin holds once the new capital is fully deployed.

Watchpoints

ROIC remains low

ROIC is currently 2.97% — below the typical cost-of-capital threshold; worth tracking whether upcoming periods can rise above this level.

CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

ROIC 2.97% +2.4pp
NOPAT Margin 0.42% +0.3pp
Capital Turnover 7.12x +2.15x
Average Invested Capital 319.4bn +30.9bn

Balance Sheet

ROIC is improving — the asset structure below shows how capital is being allocated. Capital structure is conservative with low leverage — liabilities at 1.17x equity, net debt at 0.32x equity.

Inventory ended the period at 256.7bn, roughly 35.1% of total assets.

Over the last 12 months, working capital absorbed 161.3bn of cash, mainly because of higher receivables and lower payables. Part of that drag was offset by lower inventories.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables increased → lower CFO: −57.4bn
Inventories decreased → higher CFO: +26.2bn
Payables decreased → lower CFO: −130.1bn

Working Capital Efficiency

Working capital is being managed more efficiently, supporting overall capital efficiency. Cash conversion cycle improved by 25.0 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO fell 20.7 days, DSO fell 7.2 days, and DPO fell 3.0 days.

Improvement comes mainly from faster inventory turnover — watch whether this trend persists in coming periods.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables 22.8 days −7.2 days
Inventory 23.6 days −20.7 days
Payables 10.8 days −3.0 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 35.6 days −25.0 days

Is financial risk significant?

Leverage is safe but FCF is negative at 147.3bn due to capex of 6.5bn — an investment choice, not an urgent risk.

Leverage & Liquidity

Leverage warrants monitoring, with net debt / equity at 0.32x and interest coverage only at 0.85x.

At present, short-term debt accounts for 100.0% of total debt, cash equals 47.7% of debt, and total debt stands at 206.5bn.

Watchpoints

Interest coverage is thin

Interest coverage is 0.85x, leaving limited room to absorb financing costs.

Short-term refinancing pressure is meaningful

Short-term debt accounts for 100.0% of total debt, raising near-term refinancing needs.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity 0.32x +0.27x
Interest Coverage 0.85x +0.65x
Cash / Debt 47.7% −46.7pp
Short-term Debt / Total Debt 100.0% 0.0pp
CFO / NI -15.37x −179.77x

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Cash Flow

Operating cash flow reached -19.4bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of -105.2bn.

Post-investment cash flow was negative +124.7bn. Financing cash flow was positive +205.9bn.

CFO / net income was -15.37x.

After spending +6.5bn on fixed-asset investment, the business generated trailing free cash flow of −147.3bn.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

CFO TTM 140.8bn −345.9bn
Cash Capex 6.5bn −2.2bn
FCF TTM −147.3bn −343.7bn

Investment Takeaway

The business is heading the right way, but the current picture is still at partial confirmation — not yet a fully clean case. The positive points have clearly improved, showing the operating base is better than before. The brighter spot is earnings conversion is confirmed, with CFO/NI at -15.37x. The main risk still sits in capital efficiency remains weak, with ROIC at 3.0%.

Improvement: earnings conversion looks more confirmed, with CFO / net income at -15.37x.

Key risk: Capital efficiency remains weak.

Statement Data

Item 2025 2024 2023 2022 2020
Net Revenue
1,902.9 1,391.4 1,447.6 1,992.5 890.1
Cost of Goods Sold
1,834.8 1,333.2 1,385.0 1,935.0 0.0
Gross Profit
68.0 58.3 62.7 57.5 45.3
Financial Expenses
12.0 13.3 16.3 16.8 -7.7
Selling Expenses
20.3 13.9 12.8 18.1 -7.7
General and Administrative Expenses
39.4 30.6 33.2 34.8 -16.4
Operating Profit
7.3 3.1 2.5 -8.1 14.3
Profit Before Tax
6.2 3.0 2.8 -8.4 13.9
Net Income
5.0 1.9 1.8 -8.4 11.0
Profit Attributable to Parent
5.0 1.9 1.8 -8.4 11.0
Earnings per Share
191.00 134.00 123.00 -681.00 961.00

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