HND

Nhiệt điện Hải Phòng ·UPCOM ·2026Q1

● Maintaining

Capital structure should be read with cycle risk in mind Debt/equity −0.02x
Price
10,500
Latest close
04 Jun 2026
P/E 11.15x
P/B 0.85x
EPS 942
BVPS 12,353
ROE 7.8%
ROA 6.3%
Profit Margin 4.9%
Asset Turnover 1.29x
Equity Mult. 1.23x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, HND is in an offsetting state — revenue softened slightly but margins improved — earnings have been recovering gradually over multiple periods. What is still missing is a signal strong enough to tilt this picture clearly in either direction.

TTM REVENUE
VND 9,619bn
−11.8%YoY
NET MARGIN
4.90%
+0.9ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
VND 471bn
+8.8%YoY
Metric Q1'26 Q4'25 Q3'25 Q2'25 Q1'25 Q4'24 Q3'24 Q2'24 Q1'24 Q4'23 Q3'23 Q2'23
Revenue 2,545.2 2,061.1 2,040.5 2,971.8 2,657.4 2,430.8 2,364.6 3,452.2 2,788.6 2,620.6 2,884.4 3,366.5
Growth +23% +1% -31% +12% +9% +3% -32% +24% +6% -9% -14%
Net Income 216.0 28.7 -15.0 241.7 166.1 -0.2 -9.1 276.5 154.7 -115.3 191.5 180.9
Net Margin 8.49% 1.39% -0.74% 8.13% 6.25% -0.01% -0.39% 8.01% 5.55% -4.40% 6.64% 5.37%

Drivers of HND's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs last year, mainly helped by better other profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Other profit ↑ 29.5bn
Financial income ↑ 19.0bn
Administrative expenses ↓ 14.5bn
Gross profit ↑ 13.1bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs prior quarter, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Gross profit ↑ 51.4bn
Other profit ↑ 27.0bn
Financial income ↑ 8.1bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2025Q1 7.4% = 4.0% × 1.45 × 1.28
2026Q1 7.8% = 4.9% × 1.29 × 1.23

ROE is broadly flat at 7.8% — the components are offsetting one another.

Net margin: 4.9% +0.9pp Asset turnover: 1.29x -0.15x Leverage: 1.23x -0.05x

Is the profit sustainable?

Margins are improving and earnings quality is solid — a durable foundation for ROE.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin edged up to 4.90%, rising 0.9pp. The main driver is Gross margin rose 0.9pp, moving in line with the stronger net margin (with additional support from Net financial result / Revenue rose 0.3pp and Other profit / Revenue rose 0.3pp).

Most of the margin increase comes from non-core items — core operations have not kept pace, this is a margin expansion to watch carefully.

Profitability trend

Net Margin 4.90% +0.9pp
Gross Margin 6.23% +0.9pp
SG&A / Revenue 0.94% −0.0pp

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Is capital being used efficiently?

Evaluate capital, asset, and working-capital efficiency.

Balance Sheet

Balance sheet is exceptionally sound — liabilities at 0.23x equity, with a net cash position equivalent to 0.02x equity.

Inventory ended the period at 742.6bn, roughly 10.1% of total assets.

Over the last 12 months, working capital released 297.3bn of cash, mainly thanks to lower receivables. Pressure from higher inventories and lower payables only partly offset that benefit.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables decreased → higher CFO: +397.6bn
Inventories increased → lower CFO: −48.9bn
Payables decreased → lower CFO: −51.4bn

Working Capital Efficiency

Cash conversion cycle lengthened by 3.2 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO rose 3.7 days, DSO rose 9.4 days, and DPO rose 10.0 days.

Working capital cycle lengthened mainly due to shorter payment timing — may reflect pressure from suppliers.

For utilities, working capital cycle reflects regulated pricing mechanics and long-term settlement contracts — DSO/DIO/DPO should be treated as contextual signals rather than pure efficiency indicators.

Watchpoints

Cash conversion cycle remains stretched

CCC stands at 93.5 days, suggesting that working capital remains tied up for a relatively long operating cycle.

Receivables collection is slowing

DSO increased by +9.4 days, pointing to slower receivables turnover.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables 105.1 days +9.4 days
Inventory 36.5 days +3.7 days
Payables 48.1 days +10.0 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 93.5 days +3.2 days

Is financial risk significant?

Financial risk is low — the company has net cash and CFO reached 1,886.8bn.

Leverage & Liquidity

Track net leverage, interest coverage, and the liquidity buffer on the balance sheet.

Debt maturity and the cash buffer remain the two key areas to monitor.

Leverage for utilities reflects long-term capital needs for fixed assets and recovery through regulated pricing — elevated leverage is structural to the industry.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity -0.02x −0.04x
Interest Coverage
Cash / Debt
Short-term Debt / Total Debt
CFO / NI 2.48x +0.33x

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Cash Flow

With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 1,886.8bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of -763.1bn.

Post-investment cash flow was positive +1,123.6bn. Financing cash flow was negative +200.1bn.

CFO / net income was 2.48x.

After spending +39.8bn on fixed-asset investment, the business generated trailing free cash flow of +1,128.4bn.

For utilities, high capex and long investment cycles are structural — short-term FCF volatility does not reflect long-term cash generation through regulated pricing.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

CFO TTM 1,168.1bn +238.0bn
Cash Capex 39.8bn −2.6bn
FCF TTM +1,128.4bn +240.6bn

Investment Takeaway

The business does not yet provide a clear enough conclusion — not due to lack of data, but because the industry's nature makes many indicators prone to cyclical distortion. The reasonable reading is to keep the thesis in wait-for-confirmation mode. The brighter spot is balance-sheet flexibility, with net cash/equity at about -0.02x. The next item to monitor is capital structure should be read with cycle risk in mind.

Improvement: the balance sheet remains flexible, with a net cash position equivalent to 0.02x of equity.

Watchpoint: Capital structure should be read with cycle risk in mind.

Statement Data

Item 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Net Revenue
9,730.8 11,036.3 11,442.7 10,511.2 9,026.4
Cost of Goods Sold
9,258.3 10,629.1 10,798.8 9,697.2 0.0
Gross Profit
472.5 407.2 643.9 814.0 643.7
Financial Expenses
2.9 28.4 80.0 170.6 -153.1
Selling Expenses
0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.0
General and Administrative Expenses
102.5 107.0 107.7 117.5 -98.2
Operating Profit
378.5 272.3 464.1 549.6 467.5
Profit Before Tax
381.0 272.8 464.9 575.6 466.6
Net Income
342.4 258.9 441.5 546.8 443.1
Profit Attributable to Parent
342.4 258.9 441.5 546.8 443.1
Earnings per Share
685.00 518.00 883.00 1,094.00 886.00

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