HNM

Sữa Hà Nội ·UPCOM ·2026Q1

▼▼ Declining sharply

Margins remain under pressure Net margin 1.80%, −2.27pp YoY
Price
8,100
Latest close
03 Jun 2026
P/E 27.27x
P/B 0.76x
EPS 297
BVPS 10,718
ROE 2.7%
ROA 1.7%
Profit Margin 1.8%
Asset Turnover 0.97x
Equity Mult. 1.57x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, HNM posted a very sharp profit drop versus the same period, showing that pressure has clearly fed through to the bottom line — margins have been compressing consistently over multiple periods. The key watch now is how long the business needs to stabilize its profit base.

TTM REVENUE
VND 732bn
−5.6%YoY
NET MARGIN
1.80%
−2.3ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
VND 13bn
−58.3%YoY
Metric Q1'26 Q4'25 Q3'25 Q2'25 Q1'25 Q4'24 Q3'24 Q2'24 Q1'24 Q4'23 Q3'23 Q2'23
Revenue 189.6 206.6 152.9 182.4 192.2 187.6 216.1 179.1 131.6 206.5 183.7 168.6
Growth -8% +35% -16% -5% +2% -13% +21% +36% -36% +12% +9%
Net Income 3.7 2.8 1.6 5.0 8.1 6.0 8.1 9.5 6.0 3.3 13.5 14.8
Net Margin 1.97% 1.37% 1.05% 2.74% 4.20% 3.19% 3.73% 5.29% 4.60% 1.59% 7.38% 8.78%

Drivers of HNM's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent declined vs last year, mainly due to higher selling expenses. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Gross profit ↑ 14.3bn
Tax ↓ 5.0bn
Selling expenses ↑ 10.7bn
Finance costs ↑ 9.1bn
Administrative expenses ↑ 7.6bn
Other profit ↓ 6.2bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent declined vs prior quarter, mainly due to higher selling expenses. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Gross profit ↑ 10.3bn
Tax ↓ 1.1bn
Selling expenses ↑ 5.1bn
Other profit ↓ 4.3bn
Finance costs ↑ 4.0bn
Financial income ↓ 1.2bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2025Q1 6.7% = 4.1% × 1.18 × 1.40
2026Q1 2.7% = 1.8% × 0.97 × 1.57

ROE fell from 6.7% to 2.7% — asset turnover weakened the most, though leverage still provided support.

Net margin: 1.8% -2.3pp Asset turnover: 0.97x -0.21x Leverage: 1.57x +0.17x

Is the profit sustainable?

Margins narrowed but earnings quality remains clean — pressure is mainly operational.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin fell to 1.80%, losing 2.3pp. The main pressure is SG&A / Revenue rose 3.1pp, outweighing the improvement in Gross margin rose 2.8pp (with lingering pressure from Net financial result / Revenue fell 1.8pp and Other profit / Revenue fell 0.8pp).

The pressure comes from non-core items while core operations hold their rhythm — margin has a basis to recover once this factor passes.

Profitability trend

Net Margin 1.80% −2.3pp
Gross Margin 17.76% +2.8pp
SG&A / Revenue 13.59% +3.1pp

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Is capital being used efficiently?

Capital efficiency is declining — check whether the drag is from margins or turnover.

Is capital being deployed efficiently?

ROIC fell to 2.28%, losing 3.0pp. That translates to 2.28 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. Both NOPAT margin narrowed 1.6pp and capital turnover fell 0.29x, while invested capital rose by 83bn — pressure came from both operational efficiency and asset efficiency.

Pressure came from the margin side — core operations are weakening, not just a temporary asset-management issue.

Watchpoints

ROIC remains low

ROIC is currently 2.28% — below the typical cost-of-capital threshold; worth tracking whether upcoming periods can rise above this level.

CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

ROIC 2.28% −3.0pp
NOPAT Margin 1.84% −1.6pp
Capital Turnover 1.24x −0.29x
Average Invested Capital 588.6bn +83.3bn

Balance Sheet

ROIC declined — the balance sheet shows how capital is being deployed. Capital structure is conservative with low leverage — liabilities at 0.86x equity, net debt at 0.44x equity.

Inventory ended the period at 294.7bn, roughly 33.6% of total assets.

Over the last 12 months, working capital absorbed 9.6bn of cash, mainly because of higher receivables. Part of that drag was offset by lower inventories and higher payables.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables increased → lower CFO: −54.4bn
Inventories decreased → higher CFO: +17.7bn
Payables increased → higher CFO: +27.2bn

Working Capital Efficiency

The inventory build-up noted above is reflected in a longer cash cycle. Cash conversion cycle lengthened by 8.7 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO rose 19.0 days, DSO rose 6.1 days, and DPO rose 16.5 days.

Working capital cycle lengthened mainly due to slower inventory turnover — more capital is being tied up in inventory.

Watchpoints

Cash conversion cycle remains stretched

CCC stands at 156.8 days, suggesting that working capital remains tied up for a relatively long operating cycle.

Receivables collection is slowing

DSO increased by +6.1 days, pointing to slower receivables turnover.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables 42.8 days +6.1 days
Inventory 167.8 days +19.0 days
Payables 53.8 days +16.5 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 156.8 days +8.7 days

Is financial risk significant?

Leverage is safe but FCF is negative at 131.2bn due to capex of 157.5bn — an investment choice, not an urgent risk.

Leverage & Liquidity

Leverage warrants monitoring, with net debt / equity at 0.44x and interest coverage only at 1.18x.

At present, short-term debt accounts for 48.8% of total debt, cash equals 15.3% of debt, and total debt stands at 246.6bn.

Watchpoints

Interest coverage is thin

Interest coverage is 1.18x, leaving limited room to absorb financing costs.

Cash buffer is thin relative to debt

Cash / debt stands at 15.3%, leaving limited liquidity buffer to monitor.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity 0.44x +0.42x
Interest Coverage 1.18x −5.37x
Cash / Debt 15.3% −41.9pp
Short-term Debt / Total Debt 48.8% −51.2pp
CFO / NI 2.00x −0.48x

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Cash Flow

With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 29.5bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of -130.2bn.

Post-investment cash flow was negative +100.7bn. Financing cash flow was positive +194.0bn.

CFO / net income was 2.00x.

After spending +157.5bn on fixed-asset investment, the business generated trailing free cash flow of −131.2bn.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

CFO TTM 26.3bn −52.0bn
Cash Capex 157.5bn
FCF TTM −131.2bn

Investment Takeaway

The business is showing a few weaker signals, but the current magnitude is not yet clear enough to conclude that this is a broader weakening phase. The brighter spot is earnings conversion is confirmed, with CFO/NI at 2.00x. The main risk still sits in core profitability, with net margin down 2.3 pp.

Improvement: earnings conversion looks more confirmed, with CFO / net income at 2.00x.

Key risk: profitability remains under pressure, with trailing-12M net margin at 1.80% after a 2.3pp decline versus the same period last year.

Statement Data

Item 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Net Revenue
734.1 714.4 698.8 484.2 271.2
Cost of Goods Sold
611.4 601.9 579.2 377.9 0.0
Gross Profit
122.7 112.5 119.6 106.3 76.0
Financial Expenses
10.4 6.6 7.6 13.6 -11.1
Selling Expenses
78.6 68.9 62.6 48.1 -32.0
General and Administrative Expenses
17.7 8.6 12.7 1.5 -12.2
Operating Profit
17.9 32.1 40.2 45.4 20.9
Profit Before Tax
21.9 37.5 44.1 38.3 14.9
Net Income
17.5 29.6 33.6 38.3 14.9
Profit Attributable to Parent
17.5 29.6 33.6 38.3 14.9
Earnings per Share
393.00 666.00 1,052.00 191,443.00 403.00

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