VNM
Sữa Việt Nam ·HOSE ·2026Q1
▲ Showing improvement
TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity
What Is Changing
On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, VNM is improving on both revenue and margins, though the magnitude is still moderate — profit momentum has been slowing across consecutive periods. This signal only becomes convincing if the improvement continues through the next few periods.
| Metric | Q1'26 | Q4'25 | Q3'25 | Q2'25 | Q1'25 | Q4'24 | Q3'24 | Q2'24 | Q1'24 | Q4'23 | Q3'23 | Q2'23 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 16,148.7 | 17,033.6 | 16,953.2 | 16,724.6 | 12,934.5 | 15,477.1 | 15,537.3 | 16,655.8 | 14,112.4 | 15,618.7 | 15,637.0 | 15,194.8 |
| Growth | -5% | +0% | +1% | +29% | -16% | -0% | -7% | +18% | -10% | -0% | +3% | — |
| Net Income | 2,458.2 | 2,827.2 | 2,510.5 | 2,488.6 | 1,587.3 | 2,146.8 | 2,403.2 | 2,696.0 | 2,207.0 | 2,350.7 | 2,533.3 | 2,229.2 |
| Net Margin | 15.22% | 16.60% | 14.81% | 14.88% | 12.27% | 13.87% | 15.47% | 16.19% | 15.64% | 15.05% | 16.20% | 14.67% |
Drivers of VNM's profit
Net profit attributable to parent increased vs last year, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:
Net profit attributable to parent increased vs prior quarter, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:
Financial Highlights
Detailed analysis of each financial dimension
ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier
ROE rose from 24.0% to 27.7% — all three components improved, with asset turnover contributing the most.
Is the profit sustainable?
Margins are improving and earnings quality is solid — a durable foundation for ROE.
What is driving the margin?
Net margin edged up to 15.38%, rising 0.8pp. The main driver is SG&A / Revenue fell 1.1pp and Gross margin rose 0.7pp, moving in line with the stronger net margin (with lingering pressure from Net financial result / Revenue fell 0.4pp and Other profit / Revenue fell 0.0pp).
The improvement comes from core operations — this is a high-quality margin expansion.
Profitability trend
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Is capital being used efficiently?
Capital is being used more efficiently — ROIC rose and cash cycle shortened to 54.9 days.
Is capital being deployed efficiently?
ROIC expanded to 22.76%, rising 2.3pp. That translates to 22.76 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. Both NOPAT margin rose 0.8pp and capital turnover rose 0.08x, with invested capital easing up by 2,034bn — capital-return quality improved from both sides.
Both margin and turnover contributed — the improvement has a dual foundation and is more durable than a single-pillar expansion.
CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Balance Sheet
ROIC is improving — the asset structure below shows how capital is being allocated. Capital structure is conservative with low leverage — liabilities at 0.55x equity, net debt at 0.23x equity.
Inventory ended the period at 6,839.3bn, roughly 12.8% of total assets.
Over the last 12 months, working capital absorbed 1,663.8bn of cash, mainly because of higher receivables and higher inventories. Part of that drag was offset by higher payables.
Working Capital Drivers
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Working Capital Efficiency
Working capital is being managed more efficiently, supporting overall capital efficiency. Cash conversion cycle improved by 3.0 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO fell 2.9 days, DSO fell 1.9 days, and DPO fell 1.8 days.
Improvement comes mainly from faster inventory turnover — watch whether this trend persists in coming periods.
Working Capital Efficiency
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Is financial risk significant?
Financial risk is low — leverage is safe, both CFO and FCF are positive.
Leverage & Liquidity
Leverage looks fairly comfortable, with net debt / equity at 0.23x and interest coverage at 27.43x.
At present, short-term debt accounts for 99.7% of total debt, cash equals 20.0% of debt, and total debt stands at 10,366.0bn.
Watchpoints
Short-term debt accounts for 99.7% of total debt, raising near-term refinancing needs.
Cash / debt stands at 20.0%, leaving limited liquidity buffer to monitor.
Leverage and liquidity trend
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Cash Flow
With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 8,668.1bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of 1,976.1bn.
Post-investment cash flow was positive +10,644.2bn. Financing cash flow was negative +11,081.9bn.
CFO / net income was 0.88x.
After spending +1,767.2bn on fixed-asset investment, the business generated trailing free cash flow of +7,295.0bn.
Cash Conversion
TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Investment Takeaway
The business is entering a broader improvement phase — not just stronger earnings but better operating quality as well. Margin, ROIC, and cash flow all improving shows the business is growing in a cleaner and more efficient way than before. Notably, the improvement trend has been confirmed across multiple cycles, from margin to capital efficiency and cash generation.
Improvement: earnings conversion looks more confirmed, with CFO / net income at 0.88x.
Statement Data
| Item | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Net Revenue
|
63,645.9 | 61,782.6 | 60,368.9 | 59,956.2 | 60,919.2 |
|
Cost of Goods Sold
|
37,436.4 | 36,192.4 | 35,824.2 | 36,059.0 | 0.0 |
|
Gross Profit
|
26,209.5 | 25,590.2 | 24,544.7 | 23,897.2 | 26,278.3 |
|
Financial Expenses
|
350.2 | 428.2 | 503.1 | 617.5 | -202.3 |
|
Selling Expenses
|
13,641.7 | 13,357.7 | 13,018.1 | 12,548.2 | -12,950.7 |
|
General and Administrative Expenses
|
1,904.1 | 1,827.9 | 1,755.6 | 1,595.8 | -1,567.3 |
|
Operating Profit
|
11,659.8 | 11,594.0 | 10,903.6 | 10,491.1 | 12,727.6 |
|
Profit Before Tax
|
11,650.0 | 11,599.7 | 10,967.9 | 10,495.5 | 12,922.2 |
|
Net Income
|
9,413.6 | 9,452.9 | 9,019.4 | 8,577.6 | 10,632.5 |
|
Profit Attributable to Parent
|
9,410.2 | 9,392.3 | 8,873.8 | 8,516.0 | 10,532.5 |
|
Earnings per Share
|
4,028.00 | 4,022.00 | 3,796.00 | 3,632.00 | 4,518.00 |
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