VNM

Sữa Việt Nam ·HOSE ·2026Q1

▲ Showing improvement

Earnings conversion is confirmed CFO/NPAT 0.88x
Price
58,600
Latest close
02 Jun 2026
P/E 13.31x
P/B 3.34x
EPS 4,404
BVPS 17,554
ROE 27.6%
ROA 18.6%
Profit Margin 15.4%
Asset Turnover 1.21x
Equity Mult. 1.49x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, VNM is improving on both revenue and margins, though the magnitude is still moderate — profit momentum has been slowing across consecutive periods. This signal only becomes convincing if the improvement continues through the next few periods.

TTM REVENUE
VND 66,860bn
+10.3%YoY
NET MARGIN
15.38%
+0.8ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
VND 10,285bn
+16.4%YoY
Metric Q1'26 Q4'25 Q3'25 Q2'25 Q1'25 Q4'24 Q3'24 Q2'24 Q1'24 Q4'23 Q3'23 Q2'23
Revenue 16,148.7 17,033.6 16,953.2 16,724.6 12,934.5 15,477.1 15,537.3 16,655.8 14,112.4 15,618.7 15,637.0 15,194.8
Growth -5% +0% +1% +29% -16% -0% -7% +18% -10% -0% +3%
Net Income 2,458.2 2,827.2 2,510.5 2,488.6 1,587.3 2,146.8 2,403.2 2,696.0 2,207.0 2,350.7 2,533.3 2,229.2
Net Margin 15.22% 16.60% 14.81% 14.88% 12.27% 13.87% 15.47% 16.19% 15.64% 15.05% 16.20% 14.67%

Drivers of VNM's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs last year, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Gross profit ↑ 3,005.8bn
Selling expenses ↑ 764.4bn
Tax ↑ 385.3bn
Associates income ↓ 156.2bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs prior quarter, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Gross profit ↑ 1,685.4bn
Selling expenses ↑ 554.9bn
Tax ↑ 182.0bn
Finance costs ↑ 112.8bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2025Q1 24.0% = 14.6% × 1.14 × 1.45
2026Q1 27.7% = 15.4% × 1.21 × 1.49

ROE rose from 24.0% to 27.7% — all three components improved, with asset turnover contributing the most.

Net margin: 15.4% +0.8pp Asset turnover: 1.21x +0.07x Leverage: 1.49x +0.03x

Is the profit sustainable?

Margins are improving and earnings quality is solid — a durable foundation for ROE.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin edged up to 15.38%, rising 0.8pp. The main driver is SG&A / Revenue fell 1.1pp and Gross margin rose 0.7pp, moving in line with the stronger net margin (with lingering pressure from Net financial result / Revenue fell 0.4pp and Other profit / Revenue fell 0.0pp).

The improvement comes from core operations — this is a high-quality margin expansion.

Profitability trend

Net Margin 15.38% +0.8pp
Gross Margin 41.72% +0.7pp
SG&A / Revenue 24.12% −1.1pp

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Is capital being used efficiently?

Capital is being used more efficiently — ROIC rose and cash cycle shortened to 54.9 days.

Is capital being deployed efficiently?

ROIC expanded to 22.76%, rising 2.3pp. That translates to 22.76 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. Both NOPAT margin rose 0.8pp and capital turnover rose 0.08x, with invested capital easing up by 2,034bn — capital-return quality improved from both sides.

Both margin and turnover contributed — the improvement has a dual foundation and is more durable than a single-pillar expansion.

CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

ROIC 22.76% +2.3pp
NOPAT Margin 15.37% +0.8pp
Capital Turnover 1.48x +0.08x
Average Invested Capital 45,137.5bn +2,034.2bn

Balance Sheet

ROIC is improving — the asset structure below shows how capital is being allocated. Capital structure is conservative with low leverage — liabilities at 0.55x equity, net debt at 0.23x equity.

Inventory ended the period at 6,839.3bn, roughly 12.8% of total assets.

Over the last 12 months, working capital absorbed 1,663.8bn of cash, mainly because of higher receivables and higher inventories. Part of that drag was offset by higher payables.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables increased → lower CFO: −907.6bn
Inventories increased → lower CFO: −1,316.8bn
Payables increased → higher CFO: +560.7bn

Working Capital Efficiency

Working capital is being managed more efficiently, supporting overall capital efficiency. Cash conversion cycle improved by 3.0 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO fell 2.9 days, DSO fell 1.9 days, and DPO fell 1.8 days.

Improvement comes mainly from faster inventory turnover — watch whether this trend persists in coming periods.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables 24.6 days −1.9 days
Inventory 67.7 days −2.9 days
Payables 37.4 days −1.8 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 54.9 days −3.0 days

Is financial risk significant?

Financial risk is low — leverage is safe, both CFO and FCF are positive.

Leverage & Liquidity

Leverage looks fairly comfortable, with net debt / equity at 0.23x and interest coverage at 27.43x.

At present, short-term debt accounts for 99.7% of total debt, cash equals 20.0% of debt, and total debt stands at 10,366.0bn.

Watchpoints

Short-term refinancing pressure is meaningful

Short-term debt accounts for 99.7% of total debt, raising near-term refinancing needs.

Cash buffer is thin relative to debt

Cash / debt stands at 20.0%, leaving limited liquidity buffer to monitor.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity 0.23x +0.02x
Interest Coverage 27.43x −2.03x
Cash / Debt 20.0% −4.8pp
Short-term Debt / Total Debt 99.7% +1.2pp
CFO / NI 0.88x −0.10x

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Cash Flow

With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 8,668.1bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of 1,976.1bn.

Post-investment cash flow was positive +10,644.2bn. Financing cash flow was negative +11,081.9bn.

CFO / net income was 0.88x.

After spending +1,767.2bn on fixed-asset investment, the business generated trailing free cash flow of +7,295.0bn.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

CFO TTM 9,062.2bn +408.5bn
Cash Capex 1,767.2bn −12.8bn
FCF TTM +7,295.0bn +421.4bn

Investment Takeaway

The business is entering a broader improvement phase — not just stronger earnings but better operating quality as well. Margin, ROIC, and cash flow all improving shows the business is growing in a cleaner and more efficient way than before. Notably, the improvement trend has been confirmed across multiple cycles, from margin to capital efficiency and cash generation.

Improvement: earnings conversion looks more confirmed, with CFO / net income at 0.88x.

Statement Data

Item 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Net Revenue
63,645.9 61,782.6 60,368.9 59,956.2 60,919.2
Cost of Goods Sold
37,436.4 36,192.4 35,824.2 36,059.0 0.0
Gross Profit
26,209.5 25,590.2 24,544.7 23,897.2 26,278.3
Financial Expenses
350.2 428.2 503.1 617.5 -202.3
Selling Expenses
13,641.7 13,357.7 13,018.1 12,548.2 -12,950.7
General and Administrative Expenses
1,904.1 1,827.9 1,755.6 1,595.8 -1,567.3
Operating Profit
11,659.8 11,594.0 10,903.6 10,491.1 12,727.6
Profit Before Tax
11,650.0 11,599.7 10,967.9 10,495.5 12,922.2
Net Income
9,413.6 9,452.9 9,019.4 8,577.6 10,632.5
Profit Attributable to Parent
9,410.2 9,392.3 8,873.8 8,516.0 10,532.5
Earnings per Share
4,028.00 4,022.00 3,796.00 3,632.00 4,518.00

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