VCX

Xi măng Yên Bình ·UPCOM ·2026Q1

▼ Under pressure

Leverage and liquidity require close discipline Debt/equity 1.59x
Price
9,700
Latest close
12 May 2026
P/E 14.88x
P/B 0.98x
EPS 652
BVPS 9,877
ROE 6.8%
ROA 2.9%
Profit Margin 2.2%
Asset Turnover 1.36x
Equity Mult. 2.32x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, VCX is declining across multiple metrics versus the same period, suggesting current pressure is not coming from just one side — margins have been expanding consistently over multiple periods. What remains unclear is whether the business can stabilize before this trend deepens.

TTM REVENUE
VND 799bn
−6.2%YoY
NET MARGIN
2.16%
−0.7ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
VND 17bn
−29.5%YoY
Metric Q1'26 Q4'25 Q3'25 Q2'25 Q1'25 Q4'24 Q3'24 Q2'24 Q1'24 Q4'23 Q3'23 Q2'23
Revenue 175.8 217.8 184.6 221.2 201.6 285.2 166.9 198.7 182.2 243.4 170.7 197.0
Growth -19% +18% -17% +10% -29% +71% -16% +9% -25% +43% -13%
Net Income -5.0 13.0 0.9 8.4 5.6 14.4 -4.4 8.9 4.1 12.1 -1.5 -2.8
Net Margin -2.85% 5.99% 0.47% 3.80% 2.79% 5.06% -2.64% 4.46% 2.22% 4.98% -0.87% -1.44%

Drivers of VCX's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent declined vs last year, mainly due to lower gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Finance costs ↓ 3.7bn
Gross profit ↓ 8.0bn
Administrative expenses ↑ 3.7bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent declined vs prior quarter, mainly due to lower gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Finance costs ↓ 1.1bn
Gross profit ↓ 13.1bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2025Q1 10.5% = 2.9% × 1.38 × 2.65
2026Q1 6.8% = 2.2% × 1.36 × 2.32

ROE fell from 10.5% to 6.8% — all three components weakened, with leverage being the main drag.

Net margin: 2.2% -0.7pp Asset turnover: 1.36x -0.02x Leverage: 2.32x -0.34x

Is the profit sustainable?

Margins narrowed but earnings quality remains clean — pressure is mainly operational.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin narrowed to 2.16%, falling 0.7pp. The main pressure comes from Gross margin fell 0.6pp and SG&A / Revenue rose 0.4pp (with additional support from Net financial result / Revenue rose 0.3pp and Other profit / Revenue rose 0.1pp).

The pressure comes from core operations — this is a concerning type of decline, not a one-off movement.

Profitability trend

Net Margin 2.16% −0.7pp
Gross Margin 5.89% −0.6pp
SG&A / Revenue 1.16% +0.4pp

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Is capital being used efficiently?

Capital efficiency should be read in industry context — ROIC may fluctuate with business specifics.

Is capital being deployed efficiently?

Track how much operating profit the business generates on invested capital.

Industry characteristics make ROIC cyclical — this is a reference signal and should be read with the business context.

CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

ROIC
NOPAT Margin
Capital Turnover 1.59x −0.01x
Average Invested Capital 503.3bn −29.4bn

Balance Sheet

ROIC above should be read with industry context — the balance sheet below adds perspective. Capital structure is balanced — liabilities at 1.07x equity, net debt at 0.81x equity.

Inventory ended the period at 99.7bn, roughly 18.0% of total assets.

Over the last 12 months, working capital released 14.4bn of cash, mainly thanks to lower receivables and lower inventories. Pressure from lower payables only partly offset that benefit.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables decreased → higher CFO: +9.8bn
Inventories decreased → higher CFO: +19.4bn
Payables decreased → lower CFO: −14.9bn

Working Capital Efficiency

Working capital is being managed more efficiently, supporting overall capital efficiency. Cash conversion cycle improved by 3.4 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO rose 1.5 days, DSO fell 4.4 days, and DPO rose 0.5 days.

Improvement comes mainly from faster receivables collection — reflects the quality of receivables management.

Watchpoints

Inventory turnover is slowing

DIO increased by +1.5 days, suggesting more capital is being tied up in inventories.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables 30.5 days −4.4 days
Inventory 46.3 days +1.5 days
Payables 28.0 days +0.5 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 48.8 days −3.4 days

Is financial risk significant?

Financial risk is low — leverage is safe, both CFO and FCF are positive.

Leverage & Liquidity

Leverage warrants monitoring, with net debt / equity at 0.81x and interest coverage only at 1.59x.

At present, short-term debt accounts for 100.0% of total debt, cash equals 0.8% of debt, and total debt stands at 212.9bn.

Watchpoints

Interest coverage is thin

Interest coverage is 1.59x, leaving limited room to absorb financing costs.

Short-term refinancing pressure is meaningful

Short-term debt accounts for 100.0% of total debt, raising near-term refinancing needs.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity 0.81x −0.37x
Interest Coverage 1.59x −0.06x
Cash / Debt 0.8% +0.5pp
Short-term Debt / Total Debt 100.0% +0.8pp
CFO / NI 4.75x +3.31x

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Cash Flow

With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 88.6bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of -1.6bn.

Post-investment cash flow was positive +87.0bn. Financing cash flow was negative +85.3bn.

CFO / net income was 4.75x.

After spending +4.8bn on fixed-asset investment, the business generated trailing free cash flow of +77.3bn.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

CFO TTM 82.2bn +46.7bn
Cash Capex 4.8bn −8.1bn
FCF TTM +77.3bn +54.8bn

Investment Takeaway

The business is under real pressure, but the current picture has not turned broadly adverse. A notable area has clearly weakened, making the near-term outlook hard to call bright; even so, other parts of the business are still holding up, with leverage and liquidity remaining the main constraint, with interest coverage at 1.59x. The next watchpoint is capital efficiency. The main offsetting support comes from cash generation.

Improvement: cash generation is recovering, with trailing-12M FCF improving by 54.8bn versus the same period last year.

Watchpoint: Capital efficiency needs cycle context.

Key risk: leverage and liquidity still require discipline, with interest coverage only at 1.59x.

Statement Data

Item 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Net Revenue
825.1 833.0 797.3 818.2 824.7
Cost of Goods Sold
764.1 778.4 771.3 774.8 0.0
Gross Profit
61.0 54.6 25.9 43.4 79.4
Financial Expenses
16.0 19.5 28.9 24.1 -24.0
Selling Expenses
0.0 1.0 1.3 2.6 -8.6
General and Administrative Expenses
9.9 6.7 0.5 6.4 -9.6
Operating Profit
35.4 27.4 -4.7 10.4 37.6
Profit Before Tax
35.2 26.8 10.8 9.8 37.3
Net Income
28.1 22.2 7.5 7.6 29.8
Profit Attributable to Parent
28.1 22.2 7.5 7.6 29.8
Earnings per Share
1,061.00 838.00 282.00 285.00 1,121.92

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