L18

Đầu tư và Xây dựng Số 18 ·HNX ·2026Q1

▼ Under pressure

Leverage and liquidity require close discipline Debt/equity 3.53x
Price
21,000
Latest close
02 Jun 2026
P/E 5.70x
P/B 0.95x
EPS 3,687
BVPS 22,085
ROE 18.6%
ROA 3.2%
Profit Margin 3.3%
Asset Turnover 0.95x
Equity Mult. 5.92x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, L18 is declining across multiple metrics versus the same period, suggesting current pressure is not coming from just one side — profit momentum has been slowing across consecutive periods. More notably, operating cash flow is significantly negative relative to profit — this is pressure that needs close monitoring.

TTM REVENUE
VND 5,097bn
+9.4%YoY
NET MARGIN
3.71%
−1.2ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
VND 189bn
−16.8%YoY
CFO / Net Income
-1.02x
negative cash flow vs profit
Metric Q1'26 Q4'25 Q3'25 Q2'25 Q1'25 Q4'24 Q3'24 Q2'24 Q1'24 Q4'23 Q3'23 Q2'23
Revenue 973.3 2,408.3 807.2 907.8 702.5 1,557.8 1,211.0 1,188.3 967.5 1,089.3 725.5 966.0
Growth -60% +198% -11% +29% -55% +29% +2% +23% -11% +50% -25%
Net Income 15.5 128.6 21.9 23.3 14.4 95.4 102.5 15.2 12.2 29.6 13.5 13.6
Net Margin 1.59% 5.34% 2.71% 2.56% 2.06% 6.12% 8.46% 1.28% 1.26% 2.72% 1.86% 1.41%

Drivers of L18's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent declined vs last year, mainly due to lower gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Administrative expenses ↓ 118.3bn
Tax ↓ 54.9bn
Other profit ↑ 32.7bn
Finance costs ↓ 30.0bn
Gross profit ↓ 283.2bn
Deferred tax ↑ 4.4bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent declined vs prior quarter, mainly due to lower gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Other profit ↑ 19.3bn
Tax ↓ 6.8bn
Administrative expenses ↓ 1.1bn
Financial income ↑ 0.3bn
Gross profit ↓ 21.6bn
Finance costs ↑ 4.8bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2025Q1 32.2% = 4.9% × 0.93 × 7.06
2026Q1 20.9% = 3.7% × 0.95 × 5.92

ROE fell from 32.2% to 20.9% — leverage weakened the most, though asset turnover still provided support.

Net margin: 3.7% -1.2pp Asset turnover: 0.95x +0.02x Leverage: 5.92x -1.14x

Is the profit sustainable?

Margins narrowed but earnings quality remains clean — pressure is mainly operational.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin narrowed to 3.71%, falling 1.2pp. The main pressure is Gross margin fell 6.7pp, outweighing the improvement in SG&A / Revenue fell 2.9pp (with additional support from Net financial result / Revenue rose 0.8pp and Other profit / Revenue rose 0.7pp).

Margin is under pressure from multiple sides — temporary and structural components need to be separated to properly assess the risk.

Profitability trend

Net Margin 3.71% −1.2pp
Gross Margin 6.66% −6.7pp
SG&A / Revenue 1.50% −2.9pp

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Is capital being used efficiently?

Capital efficiency for construction contractors should be read alongside project progress and receivables collection from developers — ROIC of 6.6% fluctuates with handover cycles.

Is capital being deployed efficiently?

ROIC fell to 6.64%, losing 2.7pp. That translates to 6.64 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. The main pressure came from NOPAT margin narrowed 1.7pp, outweighing the movement in capital turnover; with invested capital easing up by 99bn.

For construction contractors, ROIC moves with backlog and project acceptance timing — this is a reference signal and should be read alongside working-capital cycles.

CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

ROIC 6.64% −2.7pp
NOPAT Margin 3.46% −1.7pp
Capital Turnover 1.92x +0.10x
Average Invested Capital 2,652.3bn +98.6bn

Balance Sheet

ROIC for construction contractors swings with project progress and handover cycles — the balance sheet below adds perspective. Leverage runs above the construction contractors average — project acceptance cycles warrant monitoring — liabilities at 4.82x equity, net debt at 1.93x equity.

Inventory ended the period at 2,903.9bn, roughly 50.2% of total assets.

Over the last 12 months, working capital released 0.0bn of cash.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables were broadly stable → neutral CFO:
Inventories were broadly stable → neutral CFO:
Payables were broadly stable → neutral CFO:

Working Capital Efficiency

Working capital is being managed more efficiently, supporting overall capital efficiency. Cash conversion cycle improved by 32.0 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO fell 43.1 days, DSO rose 0.4 days, and DPO fell 10.6 days.

Improvement comes mainly from faster inventory turnover — watch whether this trend persists in coming periods.

For construction contractors, DSO/DIO/DPO/CCC can be distorted by project progress, work-in-progress receivables, and milestone acceptance timing — these metrics should be read alongside developer payment cycles.

Watchpoints

Cash conversion cycle remains stretched

CCC stands at 244.6 days, suggesting that working capital remains tied up for a relatively long operating cycle.

Receivables collection is slowing

DSO increased by +0.4 days, pointing to slower receivables turnover.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables 74.2 days +0.4 days
Inventory 220.0 days −43.1 days
Payables 49.6 days −10.6 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 244.6 days −32.0 days

Is financial risk significant?

Check leverage, liquidity, and cash-flow conversion.

Leverage & Liquidity

Leverage warrants monitoring, with net debt / equity at 1.93x and interest coverage only at 3.53x.

At present, short-term debt accounts for 54.6% of total debt, cash equals 7.6% of debt, and total debt stands at 2,106.2bn.

Leverage for construction contractors fluctuates with project working capital, performance guarantees, and progress receivables — should be read alongside receivables quality and developer payment cycles.

Watchpoints

Net leverage is elevated

Net debt / equity stands at 1.93x, increasing balance-sheet pressure.

Cash buffer is thin relative to debt

Cash / debt stands at 7.6%, leaving limited liquidity buffer to monitor.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity 1.93x −0.01x
Interest Coverage 3.53x −0.17x
Cash / Debt 7.6% −3.7pp
Short-term Debt / Total Debt 54.6% +0.7pp
CFO / NI -1.02x −1.45x

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Cash Flow

Leverage needs watching — cash flow below shows the ability to service debt from operations. Operating cash flow reached 34.9bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of -170.0bn.

Post-investment cash flow was negative +135.1bn. Financing cash flow was positive +141.1bn.

CFO / net income was -1.02x.

After spending +134.4bn on fixed-asset investment, the business generated trailing free cash flow of −307.2bn.

For construction contractors, FCF swings sharply with project progress and payment cycles — should be read alongside backlog and receivables quality.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

CFO TTM 172.9bn −259.9bn
Cash Capex 134.4bn +121.2bn
FCF TTM −307.2bn −381.1bn

Investment Takeaway

The business is under real pressure, but the current picture has not turned broadly adverse. A notable area has clearly weakened, making the near-term outlook hard to call bright; even so, other parts of the business are still holding up, with leverage and liquidity remaining the main constraint, with interest coverage at 3.53x. The next watchpoint is capital efficiency, with ROIC at 6.6%. The main offsetting support comes from earnings conversion is confirmed, with CFO/NI at -1.02x.

Improvement: earnings conversion looks more confirmed, with CFO / net income at -1.02x.

Watchpoint: Capital efficiency needs cycle context.

Key risk: leverage and liquidity remain a pressure point, with net debt / equity at 1.93x and a thin cash buffer.

Statement Data

Item 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Net Revenue
4,825.8 4,924.7 3,081.9 2,212.2 2,880.0
Cost of Goods Sold
4,419.0 4,294.6 2,877.1 2,080.3 0.0
Gross Profit
406.8 630.1 204.8 131.9 152.5
Financial Expenses
62.5 100.3 61.0 37.4 -26.7
Selling Expenses
10.3 25.0 2.5 0.0 -0.0
General and Administrative Expenses
99.8 205.9 121.6 67.4 -94.0
Operating Profit
241.4 304.0 26.7 30.9 35.4
Profit Before Tax
231.0 307.8 73.1 55.8 59.3
Net Income
185.9 224.8 57.3 44.0 46.8
Profit Attributable to Parent
166.8 204.0 42.1 30.6 32.8
Earnings per Share
3,636.00 5,351.00 1,104.00 804.00 334.00

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